Pleasure guide for northern tourists and invalids

'^ywy'

's^^m^^-

WJ

mm

womgm^^mi

^^mmm^wu^^

I LIBRARY OF CONGRESS."

'UNITED STATES OF AMERICA" f

j;w^w^;;.V, '

^Mmpm.

¥msFM

V.^l:^i

WA JVJ.^- \^

rii Aiwy.wwuM.

m^m

ya::j.:;i:4J-^

<^\j'^\j\^\;j\j

v^„w-:v:^;"C?^^

^mmmi^

:;«tiV;W«-

^UVU^V

.. -VWWV . - ^ ,,

MWW

^^wwy^W^W^^oaHL

^^v^^^^^^:^-^^^'

ISj^igi^^W

^^-^^^^i^'

COMPLIMENTS S., S. & S. R. R. CO.

PLEASURE GUIDE

FOR

NOBTHERR TODRISTS tND imilDS

SKETCH OF THE RESORTS

ON

r"

And its Branches

BY

B. H. RICHARDSON

CITY EDITOR MORNING NEWS.

Entered arcordJng to Act of Cun^efig, In the year 187S, by B. H. BICtfARDSON, In the oaSce of the
Libraiiitu uf Cougrexs, at Washingtou, li. C.

SAVANNAH, GA:

MORKING NEWS STEAM JOB PBIMT.

1875.

R. R. BREN,

21 Bull St., Savannah,
Special Ticket Agent

OF

ATLANTIC & GULF

jvp^x>

I

TICKETS TO ALL PARTS

OF THE

Via CHARLESTON and AUGUSTA,

A.]VI>

Via ATLANTIC (fc GULF E. E.

General Ticket Agent

wm\ sKiomy & seaboird rhilroid co.

strangers desiring Board in private families can
obtain valuable information by calling upon

R. R. BREN,

21 Bull Street.

PLEASURE GUIDE

FOR

NORTHERN TOURISIS M IXVlllDS

SKETCH OP THE RESORTS

And its Branches

BY

B. H. RICHARUSON,

CITY EDITOR MORNING NEWS.

SAVANNAH, GA:

MORNING NEWS STEAM JOB PRINT.
1875.

RS"Z-

THE CITY OF SAVANNAH

AND HER

SUBURBAN RESORTS AND POINTS OF
LOCAL INTEREST.

HOW TOURISTS MAY SPEND A PLEAS-
ANT SEASON.

Savannah's Advantages as a Winter Resort for
Invalids.

The annual increase of travel to the South of pleasure seekers
and invalids, and the eager search for information in regard to
points of interest and accommodations, render it necessary that
some light should be thrown upon the subject, especially so far
as Savannah is concerned, in order that strangers may be advised
of the attractions possessed by the Forest City. During several
years past it is estimated that between fourteen and fifteen thou-
sand persons have stopped in Savannah en route to the Flowery
Land, which seems to be the ultima Thuleoi their fondest dreams
of recreation, repose aad amusement. It can scarcely be doubted
that if these annual visitors were correctly informed of the ad-
vantages of our city as a winter resort, they w^ould be induced to
prolong their stay, possibly to abandon altogether their journey
further.

4: PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND 8. H. R.

With this belief, the mauageinent of the Savannah, Skidaway
and Seaboai-d Railroad Company present the following little sketch
of the varions pleasure resorts along the main line and branches of
their road, which resorts have been i)ronounced by strangers who
liave visited them, as possessing natural beauty that can scarcely be
equalled in grandeur and magnificence. An additional attraction
is given these points by their historical interest. That this sketch
may be complete, it is necessary to commence wdth a brief notice
of

SAVANNAH,

the commercial emporium of the Empire State of the South,
beautifully situated on the Savannah River, about eighteen miles
from its mouth. The picturesque appearance of the city impress-
es every visitor. It is hansomely laid out, with broad streets, close-
ly shaded by water oaks, live oaks, magnolia, S3''camore and pride
of India trees. South Broad and Liberty streets have grassy prom-
enades in the middle, wdth carriage ways on either side. The city
has many fine buildings, several possessing considerable architect-
ural merits, and a park which is the pride of the citizens and the
admiration of strangers. The hotel accommodations are ample,
and the General Ticket Agent of the Savannah, Skidaw^ay and Sea-
board Railroad Company, Mr. R. R. Bren, 21 Bull Street, will fur-
nish all who desire it, information as to where good board can be
obtained at private residences, a register of such places being kept
on file at his office.

As regards health and climate, no city in the south offers supe-
rior advantages to Savannah.

ISLE OF HOPE,

the teriJiinus of the main line of the Savannah, Skidaway and Sea-
board Railroad, is six and a half miles from Savannah, on the Skida-
way River, and is famous for the magnificence of its natural scene-
ry, and deliglitful situations. It was settled in 1732 (four years
after the town of Savannah was founded), by three persons, Henry
Parker, who took the northern third, John Fallowfiekl, who took
the middle third, and Noble Jones, the southern third, the whole
containing about fifteen hundred acres, and being equally divided
among them. In the London Journal of 1744, an English tourist
published an interesting account of his travels through Georgia,
specially noting a visit to Noble Jones's place, at Isle of Hope

PLEASURE GtTIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. E. E. 5

(known as Wormsloe), and describing in vivid language the charm-
ing beauty of the place, the fine improvements and fortified res-
idence of the owner, rains of which yet can be seen by the visitor of
to-day.

In 17G3, Fallowfield's tract having reverted to the Crown, was
granted to Noble Jones, and on that grant all the titles to the land
at and near the prcpent Railroad terminus now depend. It in-
cluded the property of Dr. S. F. DuPont on the north, and extend-
ed to the Wormsloe line on the south, being known as Wimberly
until very recently.

About the year 1809, it was divided among the heirs of Mrs.
Sarah Glen, the grand-daughter of Noble Jones, and from them
by purchase came into the possession of the present owners.

The Parker tract, beginning at Dr. DuPont's line, and forming
the northern third, was divided among the heirs of the late Dr.
James Parker, al)Out the year 1 S42, and was first called Parkers-
ville.

The Island is in the form of a horse shoe, and the visitor thus"
has from almost any point a sweeping view of the entire tract.
Previous to the war, the only communication with Savannah was
by means of a dirt road winding through a magnificent forest,
which in the summer was redolent with the perfume of the fra-
grant jessamine. The road is yet used and is in good condition,
though the completion of the Savannah, Skidaway and Seaboard
Railroad, offering up a safe and rapid communication with the city,
lessened the travel over it considerably.

From a straggling settlement the place has grown to the propor-
tions of a respectable village, and is the summer home of some
our best citizens,jwhilst many reside there the entire year round, the
Isle being so well protected that the thermometer shows a more
temperate range than in the city.

The waters in the immediate vicinity abound with oysters, crabs,
hard shell and soft shell, shrimp, prawn and fish in season, and vis-
itors can have these luxuries served up fresh from their native ele-
ment, on short notice. A comfortable establishment, finely
located, and just at the terminus of the road, offers ample accom-
modations to all. A bowling alley, liilliard saloon and dancing
hall are attached to the premises, and in close proximity is a sa-
loon provided witli the best wines and cigars to be obtained at any
of the city establishments. Immediate!}^ in front of this hotel,
a mammoth platform, covered and railed in, extending from the
bluff over the water, GO by 80 feet, has been constructed. Around

6 PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. K. R.

this platform (the roof of which is composed of pahiietto branches
which flourish in the vicinity) are arranged comfortable seats.
Beneath and at the extremity of the platform, three bath houses
are erected, connected with dressing rooms in such a manner that
the utmost privacy is secured. This is a new attraction added the
present season, and whicii was required by the rapid increase in.
number of visitors to the resort. A short distance from this
point, in a beautiful grove of mammoth oaks, draped in hanging
veils of Spanish moss, is another platform for dancing. At and
around these umbrageous oaks are placed circular seats or benches,
whilst on the river bank immediately in front, conveniently ar-
ranged, are rustic seats, where one can sit in sweet serenity and
contemplate the goodly scene.

"The river like a silvery suake lays out
His coil in the sunshine,"

It breathes of freshness in the grove of noble oaks, wavy moss,
and fragrant odors of jessamine and violet.

In an air line the Isle of Hope is only four miles from the ocean^
and is directly opposite Skidaway Island, which, under the patron-
age of the Benedictine Fathers, will ere long become a blooming
garden and a prosperous village. This Island is the site of the
Catholic Industrial School, established for the benefit of the
colored people belonging to the Church, and where not only their
moral and educational culture receives attention, but habits of
industry and frugality are taught them. The Island is easily ac-
cessible to visitors at Isle of Hope. In the vicinity are numer-
ous other points of interest, including the ruins of the fortified
residence at " vVormsloe," built during the Revolutionary war
on a strictly military plan ; at the northern extremity of the Isle
there yet remains the battery erected during the late War be-
tween the States, and manned by the Confederate troops assign-
ed for the protection of the coast.

The avenue through the forests bordering the Isle afPord de-
lightful promenades to those who find pleasure in communing
with nature in her most attractive guise.

Not only as a place of visitation, but as a winter residence,
Isle of Hope is one of the most charming and beautiful rural
retreats to be found throughout the Soutli, and the enterprise of
the Savannah, Skidaway and Seaboard Railroad Company, to
w^hom its Dresent development is largely due, will be directed tOc
rendering it more attractive and desirable. A hotel is in contem-

PLEASURE GITIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. E. R 7

plation, but in the meantime accommodations for a limited num-
ber, can be obtained.

BETHESDA,

on the branch road running from Sandfly Station to Montgomery^
is a beautiful tract of land, about eight miles from Savannah. The
name signifies a "House of Mercy," and such it may in truth be
termed, as it is the site of the Orphan Home and School under
the patronage of the Union Society.

Rev. George Whitfield, in 1739, secured a grant from the trustees
in England for "five hundred acres of any vacant land he might-
select. " Under this authority this tract was selected, and on the
25th of March, 17fO, Mr. Whitfield, with his own hands, laid the
first brick of the house, Avhich he called Bethesda, and the name
by which the place will ever be known. Through the assistance
of Selina, Countess of Huntingdon, Whitfield was enabled to com-
plete the Home and see it in successful operation. In 1770 he
died, and in his will was found a clause devising Bethesda to the
Countess, and she did all that was in her power to carrj- out his
wishes. Shortly after his death, however, the buildings were
struck by lightning and consumed. They were rebuilt, b\it in
1782, the British troops, previous to their evacuation, destroyed
everything of value. At the death of Lady Huntingdon in 1791,
the school was discontinued, and the State Government claimed it
and committed it to the management of a board of trustees. In
1801 the school was reorganized, and was under fine headway; but
in 1 805, one of the wings was destroyed by fire, and a hurricane
swept off the out buildings. The trustees were unable to build,
and by act of Legislature, were authorized to sell the property
and distribute the proceeds among the benevolent institutions of
Savannah. This was done on the I2th of March, 1809. The
Union Society, the oldest charitable organization in the State, in
1854 purchased 125 acres of the ancient Bethesda, and erected
suitable buildings there for home and school purposes, and in
January, 1855, the boys under their charge were removed to their
new abode. Since then many improvements have been made, and
the Bethesda of to-day is a monument to the practical benevolence-
of Savannah. The anniversary of the Society is celebrated on
the 23d of April ; on these occasions, the best people of the city
attend eii masse. The event is made of peculiar interest to the-
boys of the school, by an unusually fine dinner tendered them
specially by the managers. The character of the institution may

8 FLEASURE GUIDE OF THE 6. S. AND S. B. R.

be inferred when the records show that several of the worthiest
and most successful business men in the city and State have been
inmates of Bethesda.

In the early spring the place is a marvel of natural beauty. Its
historical character renders it well worth a visit.

BEAULIEU,

another charming resort located along the Vernon River, within
a short distance of the branch track of the Savannah, Skidaway
and Seaboard Railroad, in full view of Montgomery (the terminus
of the branch) and within walking distance, was settled on the
21st of March, 17oJ>, by William Stevens, the author of the early
history of Georgia. He gave it the present name on account of
the fancied resemblance of the place to Beaulie, a manor of His
Grace, the Duke of Montgomery. By some the name was spelled
Biewly; how it was changed to Beaulieu is not ascertained.
Upon Stevens's settlement of the place, the few residents were
constantly annoj^ed by predatory attacks from the Indians and
Spaniards, and were compelled to fortify their huts in order
to retain possession. The place was, during the Revolutionary
war, occupied by a small force of British troops. On Sunday, the
12th of September, 1779, Colonel Thomas Pinckney, with a com-
mand of 1200 men, sent from the fleet of Count D'Estaing, in
long boats, landed at Beaulieu, tlie British troops to the number of
thirty retiring upon their approach. It is stated, owing to the
men under Pinckney being exposed in the boats, that had this
little handful of "red coats" made any resistance, a lauding could
not have been effected without very serious loss, and possibly
the patriot forces might not have been enabled to accomplish their
object at all. Several skirmishes between the opposing forces sub-
sequently took place at and around Beaulieu.

The place is delightfully located, and is now the site of a num-
ber of beautiful residences. It is about seven miles from the
ocean, and is in every respect a most charming location. The
surroundings of the place are picturesque, and elicit admiration of
all visitors.

BURNSIDES,

is a famous fishing and crabbing "ground" in the vicinity of this
place, and during the season rarely a day passes that scores of
the disciples of Isaak Walton, do not leave the city, tempted by

PLEASUKE GUIDE OF THE 8. S. A.ND S. R. R. 9

the reward which is sure to follow their angling for tlie finny-
tribe.

MONTGOMERY,

the terminus of this branch, is considered by many the most de-
lightful of the suburban resorts in the vicinity of Savannah. It
was regularly settled in 1801, and since tliat time has grown to be
quite a village. It is distant about ten miles from Savannah, and
is the headquarters of the Regatta Association of Georgia, dui'ing
the summer. All the Yacht races under the auspices of the Re-
gatta Association take place at this point ; the circuit being from
Montgomery to Ossabaw Sound, (which divides the waters of
South Carolina and Geoi'gia) seven miles and a half and return.

The ocean is in full view from the connnanding bluff, and the
sight presented on a fair day is really magnificent. About twenty
yards from the railroad track, in a grove of stately oaks of ex-
traordinary grandeur, is a platform for dancing, and during the
regatta and excursion seasons, is always occupied by n^erry throngs.
A number of very handsome residences are located at this point,
and some of the private grounds are models of artistic and
natural beauty. A row of elegant little cottages has been pro-
jected, and will be completed in time for occupation the coming-
season. These cottages will be located about three hundred yards
from the bluff, on a slight elevation, and will command a beauti-
ful view of the river and surounding country. It is the intention
of the owner to fix these cottages up comfortably and neatly, and to
rent them out. A fine hotel eligibly located at this point, is also
in contemplation, and will doubtless be completed in ample time
for use the approaching season.

The Regatta Association have at this point, a very comfortable
Club House, and are talking of making additional improvements
to their property. Along the bluff, are beautiful avenues, shaded
on either side by rows of water oaks, and no more attractive place
for a promenade or stroll can scarcely be imagined. The woods
in the back ground abound in jessamines and other wild flowers,
and what can be more delightful than to recline in the shades of
these noble old oaks, standing sentinels as it were upon the banks
of the beautiful flowing river, whilst,

"Geutle gales,
Fanuing their odoriferous wings
Dispense native perfumes
And whisper whence they stole
Those balmy spoils."

10 PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. 8. AND S. R. R.

Montgomery, indeed is a point tliat every stranger sliould visit ;
and save only on very cold days, is as charming in the early fall,
almost as when nature has assumed her greenest garb, and the
southland is fanned by balmy zephers.

LAUREL GROVE CEMETERY,

another point of interest to all strangers, has, by the enterprise of
the management of the Savannah, Skidaway & Seaboard Rail-
road Company, been made the terminus of a branch track, con-
necting with the main street line at the junction of Whitaker and
Anderson Streets. This branch was completed on Friday, the
16th April, 187.5, and on the following day was thrown open to
travel, on which occasion, a complimentary trip by the manage-
ment was extended over the line to the citizens generally, and a
special car, containing the Board of Directors of the Company,
the Mayor and City Coimcil and invited guests, made the trip in
the afternoon over the entire line, from Bay Street terminus to
the gates of the Cemetery, The construction of this new route,
is a great public convenience, and adds but another to the many
points of interest brought within easy access to visitors by the
Savannah, Skidaway & Seaboard Railroad Company.

Laurel Grove Cemetery, although not as grandly magnificent as
the famous Bonaventure Cemetery, four miles from the city, is
well worth a visit ; a little sketch of it will prove interesting.

On the 9th May, 1853, Hon. R. Wayne, Mayor of Savannah,
in accordance with ordinance previously adopted by Council,
issued his proclamation closing the old or brick Cemetery on
South Broad Street, as a burial ground, on the first of July ensu-
mg.

The Ordinance adopted the 3d of June, 1852, set apart as a
public Cemetery, a tract of land on Springfield plantation belong-
ing to the city, as a public Cemetery, and conferred upon it
the title "Laurel Grove." Tlie place was enclosed with a neat
railing, connecting with a pillar of granite at each of the corners.
The interior was laid out in avenues, walks and lots ; the plan of
the same being furnished by James O. Morse, Civil Engineer.

The establishment of this Cemetery was rendered necessary by
the crowded state of the Old Cemetery, a small area of ten acres,
wdiich bad been a place of sepulture for more than one hundred
years. The rapid extension of the city limits, made that cemetery
almost a central position, and on the score of health, it was

PLEASTJEE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. E. E. 11

deemed advisable to provide anotlier place beyond the bounds of
the city for the repose of the dead.

Thus was Laurel Grove Cemetery selected, and the Council
showed much judgment in the matter. The Cemetery is situated
on high ground, and bounded on the southwestern border by low
ground covered with native forest, and is a picturesque and beau-
tiful spot, eminently fitted for a resting place after "life's fitful
fever."

ITS DEDICATION.

On the 10th of November 1852, the Cemetery was formally ded-
icated with imposing ceremonies. It was decided to signalize
the event, by the delivery of a Poem and Address, in addition to
the usual religious services. In compliance with public request,
Hon, R. M. Charlton and Hon. Henry R. Jackson consented to
perform this duty.

A platform was erected for the speakers, the clergy, and for the
Mayor and Aldermen of the city, and seats were provided for the
audience. The elements were auspicious, as, to use the language
of one of the local papers: "The glory of a superb day, and the
autumn leaves falling near by, added their own softening infiuence
to the scene."

The services were opened by a prayer from the Rev. Dr. Willard
Preston, of the Independent Presbyterian Church, Hon. R. M.
Charlton recited an eloquent and appropriate original poem, which
was followed by a chaste and beautiful address by Hon. Henry R.
Jackson. The ceremonies were then closed by an impressive
prayer from the Rev. Dr. Lovick Pierce, of the Methodist Epis-
copal Church.

Laurel Grove has now been a Cemetery for nearly twenty-three
years. The first interment was made in October, 1852, and since
that time to December 31, 1874, twenty-two years and two months,
the number reached 20,069, of which 10,726 were of black or col-
ored persons. In the plan of the Cemetery, fifteen acres were par-
titioned off exclusively for the colored people.

As statistics of this character are always interesting, we may
note that of the 20,069 interments, 2,065 were of persons who had
died out of the city, and were brought from abroad. The smallest
number of interments was in 1853, being 531, the largest in 1865,
being 1920, these were of soldiers who had been killed or who died
from disease, wounds etc., contracted in the war.

12 PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND 8. R. R.

A portion of the Cemetery to the left, upon entering, is occupied
by the graves of Confederate soldiers, numbering nearly fifteen
hundred, the majority of whom are unknown. The Memorial As-
sociation of Savannah, have, for years, tended this sacred spot
with jealous care, and through their exertions, neat mounds have
been made over every grave, and marked by plain white head-
boards. In one section of this spot, is erected a neat arch, bear-
ing the inscription, "Men of Gettysburg;" where are gathered
the remains of a noble little band that had found a gallant death
on that historic field. The twenty-sixth of April is devoted to the
annual decoration of the graves of these honored dead, and on this
occasion, the Cemetery is thronged with high and low, rich and
poor, the banker and the artisan, all engaged in the performance
of the holy work.

"Fair woman comes; and gentle hand
Brings laurels, bay and immortelle;
No cause more jvist, if she approves,
Than that for which "our heroes fell. "

Many of the private lots are adorned v/ith handsome monuments,
and tastefully and beautifully laid off. The avenues are all well
shaded. Comfortable seats will be found throughout the grounds,
and as, from some unexplained cause, the desiie appears universal
among strangers, to inspect the cemeteries of the cities they visit,
they can rest assured, that a trip to Laurel Grove, over the street
line of the Savannah, Skidaway and Seaboard Railroad Company,
and a stroll through the beautiful grounds, will be M^ell repaid in
what they see to interest them.

THE ATTRACTIONS OF SAVANNAH.

As remarked in the commencement of this sketch, few southern
cities posess as great attractions as Savaunah, in the matter of cli-
mate, location, numerous points of local interest and beautiful
suburban surroundings. As regards climate. Savannah may be
claimed as one of, if not the healthiest cities in the entire country.
Statistics which are regarded as infalible in argument, sustain this
claim. Especially is Savannah a desirable resort in the winter, for
those who are sufferers from pulmonary diseases. It is an accepted
fact in the medical world, that an equable temperature is as im-
portant to the unfortunate consumptive as warmth, and in this
particular from the middle of February to the first of Decmber,
Savannah recomends itself remarkably, for during that period of
nearly ten months of the year, the ranges of temperature are from
1

PLEASTTRE GriDE OF THE S. 8. AND S. R. R. I'd

70 to 92 degees, and this variation of 22 degrees, is at all times very-
easy and gradual. During the last few years, owing to the ad-
mirable system of drainage adopted by the city, and the construc-
tion of mammoth sewers, beneath the principal streets, Savannali
has been freer from malarial afflictions than any southern seaport
city. The winter months are delightful, and as a general thing,
the really cold days of the entire season, do not number a score.
In January and December, it is often sufficiently pleasant in the
household with raised windows and open doors. By Febrnary the
peach trees and jessamine have put forth their blossoms, and in
1)rief the entire winter season may be said not to exceed six weeks.

The plateau or plain upon which Savannah is located, is almost
a level, l)eing forty-eight feet a])ove the level of the sea at the'
Pulaski House ; fifty feet at the intersection of Montgomery and'
Gwinnett streets ; and forty-six feet at the Park, The Savannah*
river, soon after passing the city, in its course to the ocean, is di-
vided into numerous channels, by small islands of marsh, the
beautiful and delicate green of which, interspersed in the waters,
affords, when viewed from the northeastern extremity of the bluff,
on a pleasant afternoon, one of the most attractive scenes imagin-
able. The mortuary records, which are published weekly, during
the summer season, conclusively establish the fact of the remark-
able general health of the cit}', and this condition of affairs is even
improved as the fall approaches. The climate is dry, and cliillg
and fevers, even on the outskirts of the city, which in years gone
by, were considered extremely unhealthy, aie now complaints
comparatively unknown.

The Statistical Atlas of the United States, for 1 871, compiled by
Francis L. Watley, and but recently issued, is worth careful ex-
amination, by any who are sceptical in regard to the general
health of Savannah. This work, which evinces a remarkable
amount of labor and research, will demonstrate the correctness of
all assertions in respect to the public health of Savannah, contained
in this sketch. During the past several seasons, many northern
invalids, who left home with the intention of spending the winter
in Florida, have been so charmed with Savannah's genial climate,
and attractive appearance, that they remained here, and have had
no cause to regret it, as their winter's sojourn proved highly bene-
ficial to them. Several of these strangers have bought property in
and around Savannah, with the view of having a permanent home
here, during the winter season. This statement we make authori-
tively.

14 PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. R.

POINTS OF ATTRACTION.

Believing that with these facts before them, all of which can
be substantiated, every intelligent northerner, into whose hands this
pamphlet may come, will be convinced of the benefits to health
which can be derived by avoiding the terrible, severe winters of
the north, and seeking a home, pro temjyore, in our beautiful Forest
City, it is now proposed to notice breitly, some of the many attrac-
tions, in which interest, pleasure and instruction may be found.

As the most important of the local attractions, may be mentioned

FORSYTH PARK,

which is located in the southern portion of the city, and is accessible
by either of the street lines of the Savannah, Skidaway and Sea-
board Railroad Company, passing directly l)y the enclosure,
and also within pleasant walking distance of any of the hotels or
boarding houses. The original park which is enclosed with a neat
iron railing, contains twenty acres, is handsomelj'- laid out in
graveled w^alks, and is composed mostly of the natural growth of
the forest. It is a great resort throughout the year, and will ever
be attractive to our citizens and visitors. The centre of the Park
is adorned with a magnificent mammoth fountain, after the style
of the fountains in the Place de la Concord in Paris. In the north-
eastern section of the plat will be found a neatly constructed
aviary, covered with blooming vines and fragrant flowers, which
is the ''home" of several noble specimens of the feathered tribe,
including two large eagles, an owl, a large water crane, and several
other birds.

A large plat of land immediately adjoining the Park, is enclosed,
and is known as the Park extension, and in a few years, when
certain improvements projected are completed, will be thrown
into one enclosure, and then Savannah will have a pleasure resort
at her very gates, which will be the pride of her citizens and the
admiration of strangers. The Park extension has already been
improved somewhat by nice walks, and the planting of trees, and
addition attraction is now given it as the site of the

CONFEDERATE MONUMENT,

which was completed in April of this year, by the Ladies' Memo-
rial Association of Savannah, and unveiled shortly after, with im-
posing ceremonies, the entire volunteer military of the city, civic
societies and associations participating, an appropriate address being
delivered by Hon. Julian Hartridge.

PLEASURE GFIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. E. 15

The corner stone of this Monument was laid on the 16 of June,
1874, with Masonic ceremonies, the military being present in
force. The ceremonies were opened by prayer from Grand
Chaplain Richard Webb, Grand JMaster Irwin laying the stone.
An address was delivered by Hon. Geo. A. Mercer, and the cere-
monies were closed by a salute of eleven guns, fired by the Chat-
ham Artillery, the oldest militarj' organization in the State of
Georgia.

The Monument cost $25,000, and is built according to a design
furnished by Mr. Robert Reid, of Montreal, Canada. In style,
the design is modern Italian, and stands about fifty feet in height
from the base to the crown of the marble figure, by which it is
surmounted. The Monument sets on a terrace of earth work six
feet high, by forty feet square, and surrounded by a stone coping;
the terrace being reached by stone steps from either of the four
facings. On the corners are pedestals which stand out from the
Monument proper, and are each graced by a life size marble statue
of a soldier on duty.

On the base of the palasters are appropriate mottoes. The front
panel on the first stage shows a figure in alto relievo, representing
the South mourning ; the reverse panel shows another figure also
in alto relievo, of a militarj' character. The two sides or lateral
panels, bear inscriptions, one of which is

"To THE Confederate Dead;"

the other,

"Come from the four winds, O Breath, and breathe upon
these Slain that they may live." — Ezez., xxxii, 9.

Above these panels is a rich cornice supporting trophies repre-
senting "Peace and Hope," all carved in bold relief . The next
stage shows an open canopy supported on large pilasters, on the
centre of which, stands a life size marble statue representing
"Silence." Above this is another stage deeply recessed and
moulded and ornamented with draped banners, guns, sabres, etc.

The topmost panel is exquisitely paneled and moulded, and
forms the base upon which rests the crowning figure — a collosal
marble statue representing " Resurrection," or the "Judgment."
Garlands, urns, fiags, etc., are tastefully carved in appropriate
places on the different stages.

The base, coping steps, etc., are of Montreal stone, the main
body of the INIonument of Pictou (Nova Scotia) sand stone, and
the statuary of the very finest Carara marble.

16 PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. R.

The Monument in point of imposing magnificence, will bear
comparison with -any in the country.

The main approach to the Park, Bull Street, is the grand pro-
menade boulevard of the city. It is a beautiful wide street,
rendered attractive from the Bay to the Park by a series of hand-
some squares.

In Johnson Square stands the

GREENE MONUMENT,

a noble marble shaft, erected in honor of the Revolutionary hero.
General Nathaniel Greene. It was originally intended to place
beneath this Monument, the remains of General Greene, and have
appropriate inscriptions carved upon the base, but as is pretty
well known to every reader of history, the burial place of Gen-
eral Greene has never been discovered. It was ascertained that
his body had been placed in a vault in the Old Cemetery, but the
place was not marked, from some oversight, and after many years
when search was made for it, no trace could be found, and for all
time, the grave of the great patriot, will remain unknown. The
Monument, however, stands a lasting tribute to his patriotism and
devotion.

CiiippeM'a Square, opposite the Theatre, is graced with a very
fine fountain, whilst most of the other Squares are ornamented
with grassy mounds.

In Monterey Square, stands the beautiful Monument erected in
memory of

COUNT PULASKI,

who was killed in the defense of Savannah, near the site now oc-
cupied by the Central Railroad Depot buildings. The corner
stone of the Monument was laid on the 11th October, 1853, the
military under command of Colonel (now General) A. R. Lawton ;
the various Masonic bodies and the citizens en masse participating.
The shaft is fifty feet high, and is surrounded by a statue of
"Liberty," holding the banner of the stars and stripes; on the
front in relievo, is the statue representing Count Pulaski after he
received his mortal woimd, in the act of falling from his horse,
Btill grasping his sword. The date of the event, October 0th,
1799, is recorded above.

The corner stone of the Greene Monument, was laid on the 21st
March, 1825, by General LaFayette and the Masonic Lodges, and

PLEASUEE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. K. R. if

that of the Pulaski Monument, on Chippewa Square, on the same
day, but the latter was subsequently removed to Monterey Square,
in 1853.

OTHER PLACES OF INTEREST.

It would require considerable space to enumerate in detail other
objects of interest to the visitor in Savannah, and hence, only
brief mention is made of the most prominent.

The M-isonic Temple, corner Whitaker and Liberty Streets, is
conceded by visiting brethren, to be the tiuest and most convenient-
ly arranged of any similar edifice in the country, and beyond doubt,
the handsomest in the South.

The stranger will also be interested in visiting Hodgson Memo-
rial Building, corner of Whitaker and Gaston Streets, owned and
occupied by the Georgia Historical Societ;^ ; the Exchange, the
various Churches, especially the Independent Presbyterian Church,
corner of South Broad and Bull Streets, Avhich was constructed-
at a cost of over .$200,000, and is a magnificent structure.

The Cotton Factory, Paper Factory, Rice Mills, Water Works,
the Public Schools, (which are the pride of the State) and the
various Benevolent Institutions, that render Savannah noted for
charity, afford an opportunity for visitors to pass away their time
pleasantly and profitably.

In addition to the various resorts out side the city, along the line
of the Savannah, Skidaway and Seaboard Railroad Company,,
there are other places worth visiting.

Pleasant trips may be made by sail or steamer to

FORT PULASKI,

a few miles down the river, originally built at a cost of $988,850.
This Fort, whicli was the scene of a long seige during the late war,
has, under recent appropriations by the Government, been greatly
strengthened and improved. The trip to the Fort is pleasant, and
can be made within an hour.

DAUFUSKIE ISLAND,

a somewhat historic place, is another point of interest on the coast
and is a fovorite spot for excursion parties. The Island is some'
six miles in length, and has ever been noted for the abundance of
fish, oysters, crabs, etc., to be obtained in the waters surrounding
it. Daufuskie is the Indian name, and it is presumed from the
number of mounds, tomahawks and arrow heads that have been

18 PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. R.

discovered, that it was a favorite resort witli the festive Red Men.
One portion of tlie Island, the property of Mr. H. M. Stoddard,
is known as "Bloody Point," for which name, tradition thus
accounts.

The massacre of Bloody Point was previous to the Revolution-
ary war. The Islands of Port Koyal and St. Helena were pretty
thickly settled with white population when Hilton Head, Dow
Dusky, Pinckney, and the other neighboring Islands were held in
possession by a few isolated Indians, or were altogether unin-
habited; they formed a kind of neutral ground between the
White and Red men. The Indians from Georgia were in the habit
of making frequent inroads upon the white settlements, killing
the inhabitants, and carrying off whatever plunder thej- could
gather, to their remoter homes in the further south — they formed
large war parties, and would proceed as far north as Hilton Head,
here they would skulk about until a fair chance offered, when
they would cross Broad River, and ravage the neighboring settle-
ments—hence the name of Skulk Creek, (and not Skull as is now
written!)

The Indians were in the habit of returning to Skulk Creek
after these invasions, and would elude pursuit among its numerous
nooks and windings. Upon one of these occasions, after having
committed a number of murders, and having loaded their canoes
with whatever plunder they could collect, and having secured a
quantity of "lire water", it is presumed from the sequel, they
passed through Skulk Creek on their return south without stop-
ping at their old haunts, and never halted until they reached Dow
Dusky, where they thought they would be beyond the reach of
the whites.

A very strong and determined party of whites, went in pursuit
of them. On reaching Hilton Head, they learned from a few In-
dians, of a friendly tribe, that their enemies had not halted, but
had proceeded on south. Having induced these friendh^ Indians
to join them as guides, they continued their pursuit further south;
when they had gone as far as Dow Dusky, they discovered from
the smoke of their camp, that the Indians had halted at the south-
east point of the Island, and had put all their boats a short dis-
tance up what now is known as New River, to avoid the surf
which breaks at that point ; and when the whites landed at the
northeastern portion of the Island, the red devils, at the extreme
southeast point, were enjoying themselves in an unwonted round
of conviviality and feasting. Having effected a safe landing, the

PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. R. 19

whites moved cautiously and stealthily around the Island, until
they got between the Indians and their boats, thus effectually cut-
ting off the retreat of the savages. The first intimation the In-
dians had of the presence of the avengers, was a shower of
bullets ; they were shot down, bayonetted, sabred and were finally
driven into the sea.

The surprise was complete — the massacre was dreadful— the
white sands were crimson with blood, and the earth was strewn
with wounded, dying and dead, and almost a whole tribe had been
wiped out of existence in a few minutes. A few, very few,
escaped by swimming, some to the opposite marsh, and one swam
to Tybee, a distance of three n\iles. From the dreadfvd carnage
at this spot, it received the name of " Bloody Point,"' which it still
retains at this time, it being the extreme southeastern point of
South Carolina.

After this decisive victory, the settlement to the north of Broad
river received no further molestation from the southern Indians,
and soon after, Hilton Head itself began to be settled by the
whites. The Indians who escaped, having collected after a lapse
of some time, returned to Hilton Head, and finding only two of
the tribe who had guided the whites in their pursuit, avenged
the downfall of their own tribe by destroying both of them ;
they then returned south, and were lost eight of ever after— sucli
is the tradition in St. Luke's.

BEACH HAMMOCK,

or, as it is now known, Arkwright Island, is a favorite point
during the seasons for pic-nics and excursions. There is a fine
wharf at which steamers can land in the roughest sea ; a large and
substantial pavilion, and a comfortable hotel a short distance from
the Beach, which is over a mile and a half in length and as firm
and smooth as a parlor floor. Abundance of fish and oysters
can be obtained in the immediate vicinity. The Island is laid off
into lots with a view of making it a summer resort. Some seventy-
six lots have already been taken, and several cottages have already
been erected. Acting upon a proposition of the Proprietor of the
Island, Mr. Thomas Arkwright, the New York Yacht Club have
selected the Hammock as their winter head-quarters, and it is ex-
pected during the cohiing season, will erect at the place suitable
boat houses, etc. In the early spring, tourists will find a trip to
this point pleasant and interesting. A steamer has been purchased

20 PLEAfeTJEE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. R.

to nm exclusively during the season between Savannah and the
Island, occasionally stopping at Thunderbolt and Isle of Hope.

TYBEE ISLAND,

is another sea side resort of rare attraction, and is destined to
become quite a flourishing village in the course of time. It is
some miles further from the city than Beach Hammock, but is
reached by steamers within an hour and a half, the run down
being quite pleasant and interesting.

"The sea, the sea, the open sea!
The blue, the fresh and ever free."

The ocean has ever been an object of interest in all its moods,
whether its waves are lashed into fury, or break idly upon the beach
in soothing murmurs. And at Tybee, one can enjoy from the
magnificent beach, the sight of old "Neptune" in his angriest and
most frolicsome moods. Such a beach can scarcely be found on
any sea coast ; and many who are familiar with Cape May, Long
Branch, and Atlantic City, pronounce that for a fine beach and
surf, the sea face of Tybee surpasses any of these famous water-
ing places. The beach is six miles long and a third to a quarter
wide, and affords one of the most delightful and charming drives
imaginable. Frequent opportunities are offered for visiting this
point, and tourists should not consider their travels complete
unless they include a trip to one or the other of the places above
named.

THUNDERBOLT,

about five miles from the city, and pleasantly situated upon the
banks of the Thunderbolt liver, is the site of two or three hotels,
and a score or so very comfortable private residences. The point
is accessible by a most delightful drive on a shell road, and also
by rail communication.

BONAVENTURE,

or "Evergreen Cemetery," about four miles from the city, is one
of the lovliest spots in the world, possessing peculiar charms
which have no rival in natural beauty and magnificence. This
picturesque place has the same means of communication as Thun-
derbolt.

PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. E. P.. 21

GREENWICH PARK,

about four and a half miles from the city, or half a mile south-
east from Bonaventure, from which a fine view can be obtained,
is also a very attractive spot, and is the property of the Savannah
Schuetzen Society, and may properly be called the Schuetzen
Park. Its natural beauty has been greatly improved by the Socie-
ty, and it is the scene of their annual festivals, which of late years
have become "national," so to speak in their character, the
entire populace of the city participating. These festivals generally
occur in April, and thus northern visitors have an opportunity of
visiting the Park when it is the scene of animated life and beauty.

JASPER SPRINGS

is located on the Augusta road, about two miles from the city and
nearly opposite the Fair Grounds of the Agricultural and Mechan-
ical Association of Georgia . It is noted as being the scene of the
bold exploits of Sergeants Jasper and Newton, previous to the
siege of Savannah. Sergeant Jasper, after his gallantry at Fort
Moultrie, was granted a roving commission by Col. Moultrie,
commanding the Second South Carolina Regiment, with the
privilege of reforming his own command. The scouts of Jasper's
were of great assistance to the American army, frequentl}^ obtained
valuable information, which could not be procured in any other
way. At one time Jasper came into Savannah, and remained
here several days, during which time he collected valuable inform-
ation concerning the number and position of the British forces,
and furnished it to General Lincoln. On one occasion Jasper met,
near Ebenezer, a lad}' named Mrs. Jones, who was in great distress
about her husband. He had taken the oath of allegiance to the
British Government ; afterwards joined the American army, and
was captured by the British, who determined to hang him, with
others who were to be carried to Savannah, in fact were then on
their way to the city for that purpose. His sympathies were
aroused, and he promised to rescue him if it were possible. He
consulted Sergeant Newton, who was with him, but no definite
plan was arranged, though they decided to follow the guard, and
take advantage of what opportunity offered for accomplishing
their purposes. Earl}' the next morning, after the interview
between Jasper and Mrs. Jones, a guard of British soldiers, com-
prising a sergeant, a coporal and eight men, left Ebenezer for Sa-
vannah, with the prisoners in irons. The wives and children of

22 PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. R.

two or three of the prisoners followed. Jasper and Newton kept
on the trail of the party, and upon coming near the Spring, got
ahead of them and hid in the l)ushes, presuming, and as the sequel
proved correctly, that the guard would halt to get water, and
a chance to rescue the prisoners would be presented. Upon reach-
ing a point in the road opposite the Spring, which was pleasantly
located in a grove, the guard halted and stacked arms, two men
l)eing left with them in charge of the prisoners. The rest of the
guard, not apprehending the slightest danger, went to the Spring.
Jasper and NeAvton were not slow to appreciate the situation, and
creeping up to the sentinels shot them down, secured the stack of
muskets and called on the guard, (who returned hastily from the
spring upon hearing the fire) to surrender. The Britishers per-
ceiving that they w^ere completely at the mercy of the two deter-
mined men, concluded discretion was the better part of valor, and
surrendered. The irons were knocked off the prisoners and
placed upon the soldiers w^ho were conducted to the American
camp at Purysburg. The Spring is at the present time nicely
walled in, and is visited every year by hundreds of strangers on
account of its historical interest. The water is pure and cool.

HISTORICAL NOTES OF SAVANNAH.

As every visitor to a city desires to learn something of its past,
as well as of its present and possible future, it is quite appropos
that a few historical notes should appear in connection with this
sketch of the suburban resorts of Savannah. With these notes,
"which are presented succinctly and briefly, will also be found
an interesting account of the nomenclature of the different wards
of the city. This information will enable the visitor to wTite or
speak more understandingly of the city and community in which
he has sojourned, and being presented in this form, he obtains
multum in parvo.

SETTLEMENT OF SAVANNAH.

The first settlement of Savannah was made in the month of
February, 1733, by General Oglethorpe and some thirty families.
On the 7th of July following, the settlers assembled on the
strand, (the Bay) for the purpose of designating the lots. In a
devotional service, they united in thanksgiving to God, "that the
lines had fallen to them in a pleasant place, and that they were
.about to have a good heritage." The wards and tithings were

PLEASITRE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. K. 33

then named, each ward consisting of four tithings, and each
tithing of ten houses, and a house and lot was given to each
free-holder.

After a dinner, provided by the Governor, the grant of a Court
of Record was read, and the officers were appointed. The ses-
sion of the magistrates was then held, a jury impaneled, and a
case tried. This jury was the first impaneled in Georgia.

The town was governed by three baliffs, and had a recorder,
register, and a town court holden every six weeks, where all
matters, civil and criminal, were decided by grand and petit juries,
as in England. No lawj'crs were allowed to plead for hire, nor
attorneys to take money, but (as in old times in England) every
man could plead his own cause.

The Rev. Messrs. John and Charles Wesley came over in 173G.
On Sunday, the 7tli March of that year, John Wesley preached
for the first time in America. His text was from the Epistle for
the day— 13 chapter, 1st Corinthians— and Cliristain Charity his
theme.

In May 1738, the Rev. Geo. Whitfield, the celebrated preacher,
arrived, accompanied by James Habersham. Mr. H. was after-
wards President of the Orphan House, and President of His Ma-
jesty's Council in Georgia, and in 1744, together with Charles
Harris, established the first commercial house in Georgia. In
1749, they loaded the first ship for England— exports, pitch, tar,
rice and deer skins— value, $10,000.

NOTED INCIDENTS.

In October, 1741, the government of the colony was changed
from bailiffs to trustees.

In 1750, the number of white persons in Georgia was computed
at about 1,500.

A public Filature was erected in 1751, on a lot in Reynolds
ward, where now stands a block of buildings known as Cassell
Row. It remained for some forty years as a filature or manufac-
tory of silk ; afterwards it was used as a City Hall and a public
house, and was destroyed by fire in 183i>.

The first Royal Governor of Georgia, John Reynolds, Esq.,
arrived in Savannah in October, 1 754.

Sir James Wright, the last of the Royal Governors, was ap-
pointed about the year 1701, and held the office until he was forced
to flee in 1775.

24 PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. E. K.

The tirst printing press was established in 1703, and the "Geor-
gia Gazette," printed on the 7th April of that year.

Robert Bolton, Esq., the first Post Master of Savannah, was
appointed in 17<U, by Benjamin Barron, Esq., Post Master Gen-
eral of the Sonthern District of America.

In 1766 the city consisted of 400 dwelling houses, a church, an
independent meeting house, a council house, a court house, and a
filature.

It had also, two suburbs — Yamacraw and Trustees' Gardens,
(a place where the Trustees had a famous garden laid out, in order
to make experiments before they were advised to l)e accounted
objects profitable to be introduced.)

The same year the city had three fine libraries, in which were
works in almost all languages.

In 1770, the city extended on the west, to what is now Jeffer-
son street ; on the east, to what is now Lincoln street, and on the
south, to what is now South Broad street ; and contained six
squares, and twelve streets, besides the Bay.

On the 5th June, 1775, the first liberty pole was erected in Sa-
vannah, at Peter Tondee's, wiio kept a public house on the spot
now occupied by Jones' range.

The first attack by the British on Savannah, was made on the
3d March, 1776. It ended in the discomfiture of the regulars
under ]V[ajors Maitland and Grant.

On the 29th December, 1788, Savannah was taken by the British.

In October, 1779, an unsuccessful attempt was made by the
French and American armies to recapture Savannah from the
British. Count D'Estaing and General Lincoln were the connnan-
ders. 637 of French and 241 of the continentals and militia were
killed and wounded. In this attack Pulaski fell ; the spot where he
was shot down is about one hundred rods from tlie present Depot
of the Central Railroad.

The headquarters of the English, while in Savannah, were at
the house on Broughton street, now^ occupied by S. C Dunning,
Esq.

Governor Wright's house was on the lot in Heathcote ward,
where now the " Telfair house " stands.

On the 11th July, 1783, Savannah was formally given up by
the British to the Americans, and Col, James Jackson, the father
of the Col. Joseph W. Jackson, was selected ])y General Wayne
to receive the surrender of the same from the British commander.
The American army entered it the same day.
2

PLEASTTRE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. K. R. 2&

Tlie tirst session of the Legislature of the State was held in Sa-
vannah in January, 1 784, in the brick house now standing in South
Eroad street, ])etween Drayton and Ahercorn streets. This build-
ing was afterwards oeeu])ied as a public house, and long known
as "Eppinger's Ball Room." It is the oldest brick house in Sa-
vannali. Dr. Lyman Hall Avas then Governor.

In 178(;, died, near Savannah, General Nathaniel Greene, a Major
General r)f the Revolution, and " the beloved General '' of Wash-
ington. Innnediately after the peace of ITSa, General Greene
settled in Georgia, tlie State having li])erally granted to him valu-
able property in the vicinity of Savannah. The General visited
the city on the 12th of June, and returned home on the Uth ; the
same day he was attacked with covp de soleil, and died on the 19th.
His ])ody was brought to Savannah on the 2(>tli, and buried in a
vault the same day. In a search made in the year 1820 for his
remains, owing to some strange oversight at the time of his in-
terment in not designating tliem, or from lapse of j^ears, they
could not be found, and "no man knoweth his sepulchure to
this day.''

In December, 1780, a law was passed by the legislature making
Savannah a city.

The first Mayor (elected in 17i)0) was John Houstoun. Wm,
B. Bulloch, was elected Mayor in 1800. Col. James Hunter, was
elected Alderman in 180<>.

In iNIay, 1701, General Washington visited, in the course of hiK
Southern tour, the city of Savannah. He was received with a
military display, addressed by a variety of bodies, and other de-
monstrations, public and private, were made to evince the popular
joy and satisfaction at his visit. The house in which lodgings
were prepared for him, on the northwest corner of Barnard and
State streets, is still standing.

In November, 1700, the tirst destructive fire occurred in Savan-
nah. It Ijroke out in a bake house in market square, and destroy-
ed 220 houses, besides out houses, etc. Estimated loss of property,
one million of dollars.

In May, 18U, arrived in the waters of Savannah, the U. S.
sloop of war Peacock, Lewis Warrington commander, bringing
in as a prize H. B. M. brig of War Epervier, Captain Wales,
of 18 guns. The E. had on board $110,000 in specie which was
condemned and distributed according to law. She was built in
1812, and was one of the finest vessels of her class in the
British navy.

26 PLEASURB GTTIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. K. R.

In April, 1819, arrived the steamship Savannah, from New York.
This steamer was projected and owned in Savannah, and was the
first steamship bnilt in the United States, and the first that ever
crossed the Atlantic. She left Savannah in May for Liverpool,
and afterwards proceeded to St. Petersburg.

In May of this year, James Monroe, the fifth President of the
United States, visited Savannah, accompanied bj' Mr. Calhoun.
Secretary of War, General Gaines and others. He was received
with a southern welcome.

In December of this year, 18iy, departed this life, in the 14th
year of his ministry, and in the midst of his usefulness, Henrj'
Kollock, D. D., the esteemed and eloquent Pastor of the Indepen-
dent Presbyterian Church of Savannah. Dr. K. was indeed, "a
burning and shining light," and faithfully fulfilled the ardurous
duties of pastor and teacher to his large congregation.

In January, 1820, occurred the largest fire which ever ravaged
the city. It commenced on the east side of Old Franklin ward.
4G3 buildings were destroyed, besides out buildings. Loss up-
wards of $4,000,000.

In March, 182.5, General LaFayette visited Savannah. He was
received with every demonstration of regard as the nation's friend
in the time of need, and as the nation's guest.

PARTICULARS RESPECTING THE WARDS.

Anson Ward, is one of the old wards of the city — named after
Lord Anson, the celebrated navigator ; its square, containing one
acre, is named Oglethorpe Square.

Brown Ward, was laid out in 1815, and named after Jacob
Brown, a General in the U. S army. Its square, containing one
and a half acres, is named Chippewa Square, after the Plains of
Chippewa, a place memorable to the Americans arms in the war of
1812, and where General Brown was a distinguished actor.

Columbia Ward, was laid out soon after the Revolution. Its
square, bearing the same name, contains in its enclosure three-
fourths of an acre.

Crawford Ward, was laid out in 1843, and named after William
H. Crawford, a distinguished son of Georgia. Its square bears
the same name, and contains in its enclosure three-quarters of an
acre.

Derby Ward, one of the old Avards of the city, is named after
James, Earl of Derby, one of the contributors to the Trustees'
Funds. Its square, called Johnson Square, after a friend of the

PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. E. 27

Colony, Governor Johnson, of South Carolina, contains one and
a half acres, and has in its enclosure the Greene Monument, of
which mention is made in another place. In this ward are situ-
ated Christ Church, the Central Railroad and Banking Company,
the City Exchange, containing the City Offices, Post Office and
Custom House, the Pulaski House and the City Hotel.

Decker Ward, one of the old wards of the city, is named after
Sir Matthew Decker, one of the commissioners to collect funds
for the Trustees, and who himself contributed £150. Its square,
named Elllis Square after Governor Ellis, contains one acre, and
since the year 1823 has been used as the City Market, over which
spacious and comfortable buildings have been erected.

Elbert Ward, laid out soon after the Revolution, is named after
General Samuel Elbert, Governor of the State of Georgia in 1785.
Its square, bearing the same name, contains three-fourths of an
acre.

Franklin Ward, (old) is named after Benjamin Franklin, Its
square, bearing the same name, contains three-fourths of an acre.

Franklin Ward, Cnew) is an irregular plat, comprising all that
part of the city north of the Bay, by lines from Old Franklin,
has no public square or public buildings.

Greene Ward, is named after Maj. General Nathaniel Greene,
of the Revolutionary war. Its square, bearing the same name,
contains three-fourths of an acre.

Heathcote Ward, one of the old wards of the city, is named
after the family of Heathcotes, friends and benefactors of the
Colony. Its square, containing one acre, is called St. James'
Square.

Jackson Ward, is named after General Jackson. Its square,
containing one acre, is called Orleans Square, and has in it a pub-
lic cistern for the use of the Fire Department.

Jasper Ward, is named after Sergeant Jasper of the war of the
Revolution. Its square, containing one acre, is called Madison
Square, after the late President Madison.

LaFayette Ward, named after General LaFayette. Its square,
containing one acre, bears the same name.

Liberty Ward, laid out soon after the Revolution. Its square,
containing three-fourths of an acre, bears the same name.

Monterey Ward, laid out in 1847, and named after the city of
Monterey in Mexico. Its square, containing one acre, bears the
same name, and is the site of the Puliski Monument.

Oglethorpe Ward, is one of the old wards of the city, named

28 PLKA8UKE GUIDE OF THE S. 8. AND S. P.. E.

after General Oglethorpe ; it consists of all that part of the city-
west of West Broad street from the Railroad Depot to the river.
It has no public square. In this ward are situated the Dejiot of
the Central Railroad Company, covering, with its offices, work-
atore-houses, etc., ten acres, the depot or terminus of the Savan-
nah and Ogeechee Canal.

Percival Ward, one of the old v.ards of the cit}^, named after
Lord Viscount Percival, President of the Trustees. Its sc^uare,
contains one acre, and is called Wright Square, after Governor
Wright. In this w\ard are situated the Court House, the Evan-
gelical Lutheran Church, the Second Bal)tist Church, the Chat-
ham Artillery's Armory Hall.

Pulaski Ward, is named after Count Pulaski. Its s(iuare con-
tains one acre, and bears the same name.

Reynolds Ward, one of the old wards of the city, named after
Governor Reynolds. Its sciuare contains one acre, and bears the
same name.

Warren Ward, is named after General Joseph Warren, of the
war of the Revolution. Its square contains three-fourths of an
:acre, and bears the same name.

Washington Ward, was laid out soon after the Revolution. Its
d?quare contains three-fourths of an acre, and bears the same
name.

On November Gth, 1872, an ordinance was passed laying off iu-
ito wards certain portions of the southern suburbs, and desig-
nating them as follows •

Lee Ward, named in honor of General Robert E. Lee, the great
.soUlicr and patriot of the second Revolution.

Padelford Ward, named for the late Edward Padelford, a
wealthy and distinguished merchant of Savannah.

Johnston Ward, is named after General Joseph E. Johnston, the
distinguished southern soldier, now an honored resident of Savan-
nah.

Kelly Ward, named for Eugene Kelly. .

T'elfair Ward, named after Governor Edward Telfair.

Mercer Ward, after General H. W. Mercer.

rSdiiey Ward, after the late Dr. Jno. Schley, an eminent physi-
cian of Savannah.

Haywood Ward, after Hon. Alfred Haywood, then Chair-
man of Council.

Weed Ward, after the late Henry D. Weed, a merchant of Sa-
vannah for over fifty years.

PLEASUEE GUIDE OF THE 8. S. AND S. R. E. 29

Waring Ward, after the owner of the property, Dr. J. J. War-
ing.

Atlantic Ward and Canal ward.

Curry Town District, is all that portion of the city extending
south from Lilierty street between Tatnall street and the western
limits It has no public squares.

DEFENCES OF SAVANNAH.

During the war, there were four lines of defence adopted, of
these, three were constructed, and the fourth abandoned, after ixn
inconsiderable amount of work had been done.

The first or exterior Line of Defence, was constructed early irf
tlie war, to protect our coast from attacks by the Federal Navy^
and to prevent the landing of troops. This line extended f roni«
Caustons Bluff, four miles east of Savannah, to the Ogeechee*
River, and embraced the following points, at which works werei'
erected : Greenwich, Thunderbolt, Isle of Hope, Beaulieu, anci
Rosedew. Detached works were also constructed on Whitmarsh,-
Oatland, Skidaway, and Green Islands, but these latter works^^
were onlj^ occupied a portion of the time, and towards the closer
of the war, were mostly abandoned. The general character of
works at the points mentioned, were water batteries, constructed of
earth, and reveted with sand bags, sods, and facines, with traverses^
bomb proofs, etc. The armament of these M'orks, generally con-
sisted of lieavy ordnance en-barbette. Where rifle guns and col-
umbiads could not be procured, smooth bore 42 and 60 pounders'
were used, and occasionally 8 and 10 inch morters were employed.
The river batteries, located at, and around Fort Jackson, werer
intended for the protection of om- main water approach, and tc
constitute, as it were, the extreme left of the before mentioned
line. Prominent among the works referred to was Fort Bartow
at Caustons Bluff. This was the largest and most complete work-
on our entire coast, and the character of the work and labor ex-
pended in its construction, attested the importance attached to*
this position, as a salient point on tiiis line, and so to speak, the*
key to Savannah. This was a bastioned work, enclosing area of
seventeen acres, with glacis, moat, curtains, and in fact every ap-
pointment complete, bomb proofs and surgeon rooms under
ground, with advanced batteries and rifle pits in front near water
line. The otlier works on this line, were not from their charactery
derserving of special notice. Fort Bartow was pronounced by

30 PLEASTJRE GUIDE OF THE 8. 8. AND S. R. R.

some of our ablest officers, a splended work, and recognized by
all as the most important in the defences of Savannah. This
work was constructed by Capt. M. B. Grant, of the Engineer
Corps, who also had immediate charge of a considerable portion of
the work around the city.

Fort McAlister, located on the south side of the Ogeechee River
at Genisis Point, was an enclosed work, of about one acre, detached
and isolated, irregular in form, but compactly built, and adapted
to its isolated condition and surroundings. The armament of
this work was heavy, and the gallant and successful defence re-
peatedly made here against the enemy's iron clads, and at the last
to one of Sherman's corps from the land side, have given it a
name and place in the History of Savannah's defences, that is
imperishable and preeminently grand. Though a little and insig-
niticaut earth work, it was by location and circumstances called
upon to act a giant's part. On this exterior line, there were no
other points deserving special notice.

The second line constructed, was what was known as the in-
terior line of defence. This line was almost semicircular in con-
tour, and distant from the city, on an average of three-fourths of
a mile ; its left resting at Fort Boggs, next to the rice lands on
the Savannah River ; its right resting at a point a little south of
Laurel Grove Cemetery, and on the low lands of the Springfield
Plantation. This line as the term interior signifiies, was to resist
any direct assault upon the city, should a force succeed in passing
the exterior line. This line consisted of detached lunettes at
regular intervals, constructed with mutual flank defence, and
having sectors of fire, covering the entire space in front of the
line, all growth having been cut away for a half mile in advance.
The curtains were not of the same heavy character as the lu-
nettes, but consisted of rifle pits and covered ways for direct
communication. Abatis were constructed in front of many of
the lunettes. No portion of this line was ever subjected to an
attack, and there was nothing to create or give distinction to
any special lunettes. There were, howevei-, on this line certain
works which should be mentioned, viz :

Fort Boggs, on the left of the line, was a bastioned work,
enclosed (commonly known as a star fort,) about an acre and a
half in area. It was situated on the Bluff, in a commandin.o; posi-
tion, and would have proved a very strong and important work
had it been attacked.

Fort Brown, near the Catholic Cemetery, was a point of some

PLBASURE GUIDE OF THE 6. S. AND 8. K. R. 31

importance on this line, more however, from its early location
and construction than any special merit.

This interior line would have proved formidable, had circum-
stances required a test. Most of these lunettes have been
removed or leveled since the war.

It was not until the early part of 18G4, that it was thought
necessary to fortify Savannah inland (west) when the Federals
were meeting with successes in the west, and gradually approach-
ing the coast. It was at this juncture that a line of defence was
adoi)ted and constructed on the west of Savannah ; the right of
this line resting at Williamson's place, on the Savannah River,
four miles from the city ; the left resting on Salt Creek, near Bark-
ley's place, about seven miles from the city. This line consisted of
detached works, continuously connected with rifle pits. The natu-
ral defence on this line was very great ; the swamps and low lands
on the front of the line in many places being impracticable, and
making it difhcult of approach. This was the line upon which
the defence of Savannah was made for eight daj^s, and maintained
successfully against Sherman's hordes. The lighting over this line
was simultaneous and uninterrupted over the whole front, and the
most conspicuous point, upon which the Federals seemed to coU'^,
centrate, and which they repeatedly assaulted, was Daily's farm,
near the Ogeechee Canal. Repeated, but unsuccessful assaults
were also made upon the right of the line at Williamson's. Sa-
vannah was successfully evacuated, while a mere picket's guard
held this line unknown to the enemy.

Upon the near approach of Sherman, it was deemed advisable
to construct a still more advanced line, west of the city ; where-
upon a line was adopted, extending from Montieth, on the Savan-
nah River, to the Ogeechee River, a distance of about 1+ miles.
This line had no natural defence whatever, the whole country in
front being practicable, and was so reported by the Engineer in
charge, Capt. Grant. If constructed, it must be artificial, without
natural aid, and it was found impracticable to construct the line
in the short time between its inception, and the arrival of Sher-
man, it was therefore abandoned, and the fight made at the inner
or original line. It was Capt. Grant's opinion that under no cir-
cumstances could this line have been held (if it had been com-
pletedj against such fearful odds.

The great natural advantages of the inner line alone, which en-
abled our comparatively small force to hold it, even for eight
days.

32 PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. R.

The niins of many of these fortifications may yet be seen at
different points around the city.

AN EVENT OF THE SEASON.

Prominent among the many delightful and successful amuse-
ment schemes at Isle of Hope, during the season, was a great
Spelling Bee on the 24th of July, 1875, which proved a mammoth
affair, fraught with mirth, merriment and humor. As an evidence
':)f the estimation in which the affair was held, the following verj-
interesting and graphic account is taken from the

[Savannah Morning News, July 30.]

THE GREAT SPELLING BEE— IMMENSE SUC-
CESS AND A GLORIOUS TIME— ISLE
OF HOPE ALIVE WITH FUN
AND MERRIMENT.

General Ticket Agent Bren and Superintendent Haines, of the
Savannah, Skidaway and Seaboard Railroad Company, have every
/ eason to feel gratified at the overwhelming success wliich attended
their inauguration of a Spelling Bee and Tournament at Isle of
Hope yesterday afternoon. It was without doubt the biggest
.success of the season, and few projects for the amusement of our
people have been attended with more satisfactory results or earned
more popular favor.

Throughout the day the various trains carried out large num-
bers of people, but, as was anticipated, the 8:2r> train made the
trip of the day. Thirteen coaches were taxed to their utmost
capacity to accommodate the visitors, and probably several hun-
dred more would have gone, had it ])een posible to carrj' them, as
groups were left disconsolate on various street corners. It had
been expected that the crowd would be great, as more than or-
dinary interest had been felt in the "Bee," but we doubt if the
enterprising originators had any conception of the multitude
wliich fiocked to this favorite resort.

The elegant platform was crowded, and at one time it was
almost impossible to move through the throngs gathered to discuss
the api>roaching contest and its probable results. It is estimated
that with the addition of those brought down by the 3:2") train,
there were fully two thousand five hundred people on the ground.

PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S, AND S. P.. K. JiS

the largest crowd that has ever been seen at Isle of Hope on any
occasion, the Fourth of July regatta not excepted.

After the arrival of this train preparations were made for the
contest. Owing to the crowd, it was with some difficulty that
space was clared for the formation of the class of misses. But
Superintendent Haines was ec^ual to the emergency, and with the
assistance of Mr. W. S. Bogart, Mr. J. S. F. Lancaster, Capt.
John Cooper and others, a rope was stretched and a kind of "pen"
constructed. The crowd, however, were very eager to get close
enough to hear the spelling, and, per consequence, a considerable
amount of genteel scrouging was done. In due time, however,
all arrangements were perfected. The contestants, nun:bering
thirty -live bright and sanguine young misses, were ranged in a
circle, and Mr. Bogart, in a few explanatory remarks ui>on the
subject of spelling,

OPENED THE CONTEST.

At the tirst word the head of the class disappeared, and in a
few seconds had many companions. It would require too much
space to present a list of the words given, suffice it that it com-
prised alone words in general use, Mr. Bogart avoiding giving
strictly technical words, or those relating exclusively to the arts-
and sciences. The excitement was very great, and increased as
the contestants dwindled in numbers. At last the. result was an-
nounced amidst applause, and the following young misses de-
clared winners of the prizes annexed respectively :

Miss Emma Sollee, first prize, as the best speller— Silver Cup,
presented by the Savannah, Skidaway and Seaboard Railroad
Company.

Miss Henuie Haym, second prize, as the second best speller —
Elegant selection of Music, presented by Ludden & Bates.

Miss Dora Procter, third prize, as the third best speller — Elegant
€ro(juet set, presented by J. M. Cooper & C6.

Miss Mary Maddox, fourth prize, as the fourth best speller —
Half-dozen Wenck's Extract, presented by O. Butler & Co.

THE YOUNG LADIES' CONTEST.

The contest for the misses having been concluded, the contest-
ants for the first class prizes were called to the floor, and about
forty young ladies responded. The greatest interest was felt in
this "Bee," owing to the fact that the prizes were more valu-
able, as also that the contestants were young ladies. This

34 PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. S. AND S. R. E.

contest was likewise conducted by Mr. Bogart, and was quite a
lively affair, the issue being anticipated with rare eagerness. The
possession of so valuable and useful a prize as a fine Singer
Sewing Machine was no small matter, and there was a general
anxiety to learn who would be the fair and fortunate victor.
This "Bee" lasted about twenty-five minutes, and resulted as
follows :

OLA.SS NO. 1.

Miss Jennie Lowenthall, first prize, as the best speller— Elegant
Singer Sewing Machine, presented by C. A. Vosburgh, Manager.

Miss Sheftall, second prize, as the second l)est speller — Elegant
Work-Box, presented by S. P. Hamilton.

Miss Heidt, third prize, as the third best speller— Half-dozen
Ladies' Silk Scarfs, presented by H. C. Houston.

Miss Miriam L. Solomon, fourth prize, as the fourth best speller —
Toilet Set, presented by J. S. Silva.

THE boys' bee.

In order to get through with the "Bee," that the visitors might
have an opportunity to otherwise enjoy themselves, it was decided
to inaugurate the contest for boys whilst that of the young ladies
was in progress. Accordingly, those boys who desired to enter
the class, were assembled under the large tree on the bluff, south
of the dancing pavilion, and Mr. J. F. S. Lancaster took the
conduct of the contest. Twenty-niiae boys entered, many of
wiiom stood their ground well and showed considerable proficiency
in orthography. After a spirited contest, the prize, a hansome
Silver Watch, valued at %2."), offered by the Railroad Company,
was awarded to Master Hugo Platen. Master .J. Mac being pro-
nounced the second best speller.

The " Bee" over, preparations were commenced for the inaugu-
ration of the

BLIND.MANS' BFFF TOURNAMENT,

which proved provocative of much mirth to the old as well as the
young. The course was laid off in the road in front of Mr. Buck-
ingham's residence, the distance being about thirty yards ; at the
head was suspended a large ring, and the young knights, number-
ing thirty-six, were in turn brought to the front, and had their
eyes bandaged with a towel, and being armed with a wand, were
told to go for the ring, and they went, in many instances with the
most ludicrous results. The tournament was managed in the most

PLEASURE GUIDE OF THE S. 8. AND S, R. K. 35

satisfactory manner by Dr. W. R. Waring and Superintendent
Haines, and lasted probably tbree-quaters of an bour, wben all
tbe knigbts were ruled off except four — Masters Jobn Dillon, M.
C. Proctor, Robert Spivy and J. Mac, eacb of wbom bad carried
tbe ring successfully. Tbe contest tberefore laj^ between tbese
four for tbe possession of tbe ])rize. Masters Mac and Proctor
being dropped out on tbe first "run," Masters Spivy and Dillon
contested for tbe prize, and after two ties between tbem, Master
Dillon came out tbe victor, and was declared entitled to tbe prize,
a very elegant Silver Cup, offered by tbe Railroad. Tbere was-
some dissatisfaction among tbe little fellows at tbe result, and
owing to tbis and tbe absence of Superintendent Haines, wlio bad
been compelled to leave tbe ground on business, tbe prize was not
])resented, and tbe decision will be considered, tbougb it is likely
Master Dillon will receive tbe prize.

CLOSE OF THE DAY.

Tbe sbades of nigbt were falling as tbe sports were brougbt to
a close, and tbe (>: 20 p. m. train for tbe city baving arrived, tbose
wbo were desirous of reacbing borne earl}^, left tbe pleasant scenes.
Tbe temptation to remain later, bowever, induced tbe great
majority to wait for tbe next 4;rain, wbicb was announced to leave
Isle of bope at 7:8'» p. m. Tbe interim was spent in dancings
promenading, etc., and a more enjoyable time could not bave
been desired. Tbe universal expression was one of satisfaction,
and tbe experience of all seemed to be of tbe most pleasant cbar-
acter. Tbe amusements were pronounced par exceUence, and tbe
arrangements for comfort and entertainment of tbe visitors could
not bave been better. Mr. Buckingbam, witb an able corps of
assistants, had bis bands full, l)ut was able to supply all witb
everj'tbing needful in tbe liquid refresbment line. Tbe dining-
room was well patronized, and tbe efficient colored cook, Maggie,
managed to serve up, in a remarkable sbort time, numerous excel-
lent suppers of fresb fisb, soft sbell crabs, etc. Altogether, tbere
"was nothing in anj^ of tiie arrangements that failed to give satis-
faction, and mine host, Buckingbam, was voted a trump.

The transportation of such an immense crowd was no easy
job, and the admirable manner in wbicb it was done reflected
great credit upon the management of tbe indefatigal)le and courte-
ous Superintendent.

Taken all in all, tbe affair yesterday may be recorded in the
history of Isle of Hope as one of the most charming and delight-
ful that has ever marked any gathering for anmsement at that
place.

Ift!$ VIA THE

FROM SAVANNAH, GA.

CONNECTING WITH THE

HSOIIVILIE, rEHUU iBILE m,

AT LIVE OAK. FLA.

NO CHANGE OF CARS BETWEEN SA-
VANNAH & JACKSONVILLE.

Passenger Equipments First-Class.
Pullman Palace Sleeping Cars.
Patent Safety Brakes.

Track in Excellent Condition,

TWO TRAINS PER DAY TO FLORIDA DURING THE SEASON.

SPECIAL COWIVECTIO]V ^VITH BOATS OI\
ST, JOHIV'S RIVER,

For further information, apply to

C. D. »)WEX8, Gen'l Agent, J. H. GRIFFL\, R. K. BRE.N, Special Ticket Agent,
:il5 Broadway, ?i. Y. Passi'nger Agent. 21 Bull Street. Savannah, Ga.

F. B. PAPY,
Gen'l Ticket Agent J. P. & M. R. R.

Tallahassee, Fla.

JOHN EVASS,

Gen'l Ticket Agent A. k G. R. R.

Savannah, Ga.

/-

QJ

Cor. BULL, SOUTH BROAD, and HULL STREETS,

s.A_Ar^^isrnsr.^:E3:, c^..^.

This

HOTEL is situated in the most fashionable part of the city.
In the front are beautiful flower beds ; it is furnished through-
out with the best English Brussels Carpets and Black Walnut
Furniture from the best manufacturers.

It is located in the heart of the city, on one of the i)rineipal
thoroughfares, and commands the most splendid views in every
direction.

It is within a "few steps of the Post Office and the principal
Churches.

It is convenient to all the Depots, and fine Coaches run to and
from all the Stations and Steamboat Landings.

The Theatre and other places of amusement are within a square
or tw^o of the Hotel.

The Table will always be provided with the choices viands a semi-
tropical market affords, and the comfort of the guests will be
diligently attended to by a corps of thoroughly trained servants.

The Office is open during the night, and guests will be received or
called at any hour. Familes can be furnished with suits of
capacious and convenient rooms.

The arrangements are first class in every respect. The price of
Board has been fixed at the reasonable sum of $3,00 per Day,

It is the aim at the Proprietor to furnish Superior .Accommodations
at Jfloderate Rates, and he will spare no trouble to Promote the
Comfort of all who P.ITROJS'IZE HIS HOUSE.

P. J. HOBART, Proprietor.

SAVANIIAII, SKigAWAY & SEABOARD R, R,,

STREET LINES

Suburban Routes.

During the season a convenient Schedule is
run to the various Charming Resorts

on the Main Line and Branches, enabling
TOURISTS to visit either of the Points named
between Breakfast and Dinner, and Dinner and

Tea.

•-^-^

A BRANCH TRACK

runs directly to the entrance of

LAUREL GROVE CEMETERY,

one of the most Beautiful Burial Grounds in the

Country.

— — - ♦ ..I

THE STREET LINES make almost a

complete circuit of the City.
EXCURSIONS are made on the Subur-
ban Routes Tri-Weekly.

A. M. SLOAN, G. S. HAINES, R. R. BREN,

President. Superintendent. Gen'l Ticket Agt.

^\,~-- .y,.W' ..; ■,_./ , ^ - ^ . V . S- .^^i^l:/iV^n'Jlg.

w^mgmm^

M^^

^yyyy^^r.

isl^^,Hiyv,

.vvy--^tv

WWWWv

i^t^^M^yyi

'^..^HMMa

JMaSSSiS^

■^g^\;^uw

WJMUi

'rnm^p^'^mrmpm^

:«;VVy-VW

g^vvyyv

C/w^v

V^V

^Wy^w

,^^WwSVVggggggg^

^yyy:^:»H^^is^^v

V^^^v

^WVWWy

^^J^Mi

y'yy;^'